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Battle of Jamrud
The Battle of Jamrud was fought between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Sikh Empire on 30 April 1837. The Sikhs were building up towards crossing the Khyber pass in order to invade Jalalabad. This led Afghan forces to confront the Sikh forces at Jamrud. The Afghan attempt to retake Peshawar from the invading Sikhs failed, but the killing of Sikh General Hari Singh Nalwa〔http://www.harisinghnalwa.com/index.html〕 limited the Khyber pass as the western extent of the Sikh Empire, which was ended about a decade later by the British. The battle resulted in a victory for the Afghan forces. Amir Dost Muhammad defeated the Sikhs and took up the title of "Commander of the Faithful."〔
==Background==
The Battle of Jamrud was fought between the Sikhs under Maharajah Ranjit Singh and the Afghans under Emir Dost Muhammad Khan. Since the consolidation of the Sikh Empire in Punjab, Maharajah Ranjit Singh had turned the wave of invasions on Afghanistan. The Afghans had been losing their long held territories to Sikhs over the preceding years due to internal conflicts, and had seen their once mighty empire shrink with the loss of the Punjab region, Multan, Kashmir, Derajat, Hazara and Peshawar. The last three now largely constitute Khyber Pakhtunkhwa due to the well trained Fauj-I-Khas. The loss of Peshawar was the most personal as the inhabitants of the region were Pashtuns and the city was the second capital of Afghanistan.〔The Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Land Warfare: An Illustrated World View, by Byron Farwell Published by W.W. Norton, 2001. ISBN 0-393-04770-9, ISBN 978-0-393-04770-7.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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